Behavior Data Systems
Assessment Tests and Interviews Reliable Computer Graded Assessment

   

ACDI - Corrections Version II
Designed for Juvenile (Male & Female) Assessment

The ACDI-Corrections Version II is a comprehensive juvenile (male and female) assessment or screening test. It is used in juvenile courts (drug courts, family courts, municipal courts, etc.), probation departments, community corrections and treatment programs. If the intent is to identify disturbed and/or violent juveniles so they can be helped, you should consider the ACDI-Corrections Version II. It is appropriate for misdemeanor and felony cases. The ACDI-Corrections Version II has impressively demonstrated reliability, validity and accuracy.

APPLICATIONS
** ACDI-Corrections Version II **
  • Juvenile courts
     
  • Family and juvenile drug courts
     
  • Juvenile (male and female) probation departments
     
  • Juvenile assessment, counseling and treatment agencies
     
  • Juvenile community corrections

Description

The ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II) is an automated (computer scored) juvenile assessment instrument or test. It consists of 140 items and takes 25 to 30 minutes to complete. Version II contains seven measures (scales): 1. Truthfulness Scale, 2. Alcohol Scale, 3. Drugs Scale, 4. Violence (Lethality) Scale, 5. Distress Scale, 6. Adjustment Scale and 7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale.

Seven Scales (Measures)

The seven ACDI-Corrections Version II scales are described as follows:

  1. Truthfulness Scale: Measures the juvenile's truthfulness while completing the test. It identifies denial, guardedness, problem minimization and faking. The Truthfulness Scale detects "faking good".
     

  2. Alcohol Scale: Measures alcohol use, the severity of abuse and the presence of alcohol-related problems. "Alcohol" refers to beer, wine and other liquors.
     

  3. Drugs Scale: Measures illicit drug use and the severity of abuse. "Drugs" refers to marijuana (pot), crack, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturates and heroin. This scale is independent of the Alcohol Scale described above.
     

  4. Violence (Lethality) Scale: Measures the use of force to injure, damage or destroy. This scale identifies the youth's danger to self and others.
     

  5. Distress Scale: Measures strain imposed by pain, worry, anxiety, depression, physical torment or suffering. Distress is the most common reason for juveniles to seek counseling.
     

  6. Adjustment Scale: Measures the youth's ability to adapt, conform and function. This scale recognizes personal and social stressors at home, at school and in authority relationships. It incorporates personal and social forces involved in adapting to one's environment.
     

  7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale: Measures the youth's ability to cope with stress, anxiety and pressure. Stress exacerbates symptoms of emotional and mental health problems. This scale is a non-introversive way to screen for the presence of established emotional and mental health problems.

ACDI: THE SHORTER 5 SCALE VERSION

As noted earlier, the ACDI-Corrections Version II, or Version II, has seven measures (scales), consists of 140 items, has a Violence (Lethality) Scale and takes 30 minutes to complete. The Adolescent Chemical Dependency Inventory, or ACDI, is a shorter version (105 items), does not have the Violence (Lethality) Scale and takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete. The ACDI has five scales (measures): 1. Truthfulness Scale, 2. Adjustment Scale, 3. Distress Scale, 4. Alcohol Scale, 5. Drugs Scale. To go directly to the ACDI web page, click on the ACDI link. The choice is yours.

* * * * *

Why use the ACDI-Corrections Version II? While adult crime rates have recently fallen across the U.S., they have risen among the nation's youth. For example, as the adult arrest rate for murder fell from 1978 to 1993, the juvenile murder rate rose by 77%. And, at the same time, the arrest rate of youth for all violent crimes climbed 79%. These statistics underscore the need for meaningful and accurate juvenile assessment. Early detection of a troubled youth's problems facilitates quicker intervention and treatment. This type of information also helps in deciding upon counseling, treatment, probation, levels of supervision and incarceration alternatives. The ACDI-Corrections Version II is designed to meet these needs. It is much more than just another alcohol or drug test. Version II's seven scales (measures) acquire important information often missed by other tests.

"Appropriate for Misdemeanor and Felony Offenders"

At one sitting of approximately 30 minutes in duration,the staff can acquire a vast amount of juvenile-related information, which includes attitudes, substance abuse involvement, acting out (violence) propensity, perceived distress and coping behaviors. Early problem identification facilitates timely intervention and improved treatment results.

Advantages of Screening

Screening or assessment instruments filter out individuals with serious problems that may require referral for a more comprehensive evaluation and/or treatment. This filtering system works as follows:

ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
RISK RANGES
Risk Category Risk Range
Percentile
Total
Percentage
Low Risk 0 - 39% 39%
Medium Risk 40 - 69% 30%
Problem Risk 70 - 89% 20%
Severe Problem 90 - 100% 11%

Reference to the above Risk Range table shows that the risk is not identified as a problem until a scale score is at the 70th percentile or higher. These risk range percentiles are based upon the norms of thousands of troubled youths that have taken the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This procedure is eminently fair, and it avoids extremes, i.e., over-identification and under-identification of problems and risk.

A state, department, juvenile court, family and juvenile drug court or agency policy might refer clients with identified problems for further evaluation, intervention or treatment. In this case, 31% of the youths screened (problem risk and severe problem) would be referred. Or, policy might only refer clients with serious problems (severe problem, 11%) for additional services. In these examples, 69% or 89% (contingent upon adopted policy) of the people screened would not be referred for additional (and expensive) services.

Budgetary savings (dollars) would be large, with no compromises for needy youths receiving appropriate evaluation and/or treatment services. Accordingly, more needy youths would receive help. Without a screening program, there is usually more risk of over or under-utilization of additional professional services.

The ACDI-Corrections Version II scales identify the areas it screens. And, these scales (measures) are: 1. Truthfulness Scale, 2. Alcohol Scale, 3. Drugs Scale, 4. Violence (Lethality) Scale, 5. Distress Scale, 6. Adjustment Scale and 7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale.

Test Booklets

ACDI-Corrections Version II test booklets are provided free. These booklets contain 140 items (true/false and multiple choice) and are written at a fifth to sixth grade reading level. If a person can read the newspaper, they can read the ACDI-Corrections Version II. It takes on average 25 to 30 minutes to complete this test. Test booklets are available in English and Spanish.

Reports

In brief, ACDI-Corrections Version II reports summarize the youth's self-reported history, explain what attained scale scores mean and offer specific score-related recommendations.

Within 2½ minutes of test data entry, automated (computer scored) four-page reports are printed on-site. These reports summarize a lot of information in an easily understood format. For example, these reports include a Version II profile (graph), which summarizes troubled youth findings at a glance. Also included are attained scale scores, an explanation of what each score means and specific score-related recommendations. In addition, significant items (direct admissions) are highlighted, and answers to a built-in interview (last sequence of multiple choice items) are presented. Emphasis is placed on having meaningful reports that are helpful and easily understood. Click the following link for an ACDI Corrections Version II Web Article

"Provides a sound empirical basis for decisions"

Software

The ACDI-Corrections Version II is available on Windows diskettes. Windows diskettes require a one-time computer setup procedure after which Version II data diskettes are used to score and print reports. Training manuals are provided, and new test users can be walked through these scoring procedures over the Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. (BDS) telephone line at (602) 234-3506.

Proprietary ACDI-Corrections Version II diskettes (Version II) contain 25 or 50 test applications. These 3½" diskettes score, interpret and print reports on-site. Once an ACDI-Corrections Version II account is established, ordered diskettes are filled and mailed to users. Approximately 97% of orders are filled and mailed back to users the same day. When all test applications are used, diskettes are returned to Behavior Data Systems, where the demographics (age, gender, and ethnicity) and test data are downloaded into Version II's database for subsequent database analysis. The proprietary "delete names" program is activated by the test user with a few keystrokes to delete all juvenile names from diskettes before they are returned to Behavior Data Systems. Deleting all juvenile names insures protection of each youth's confidentiality and compliance with HIPAA (Federal Regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).

The ACDI-Corrections Version II Orientation and Training Manual explains how the Version II system works, and should be read by staff. The Version II Computer Operating Guide explains how to score tests and print and store reports, and discusses other unique ACDI-Corrections Version II computer-related features.

Database

The ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II) system contains a proprietary built-in database. Earlier, it was noted that all Version II used diskettes are returned to Behavior Data Systems and the test data is downloaded into the Version II database. This expanding database allows ongoing research and test program summary features that were not available before. Ongoing research insures quality control. Testing program summaries provide for program self-evaluation.

Built-in database. Version II permits ongoing research and annual program summary -- at no additional cost. As discussed earlier, when the 25 or 50-test diskettes are used, these diskettes are returned to Behavior Data Systems, checked for viruses and downloaded into the expanding Version II database. Advantages of this proprietary database are many, and include database (research) analysis and annual testing program summary reports.

No personal information, names, social security numbers, etc. are ever downloaded into any test database.

Returned diskettes can be summarized on a state, department or agency basis -- at no additional cost to users. Annual summary reports provide information that permits testing program review.

After BDS downloads test data, returned diskettes are destroyed.

In summary, having all returned ACDI-Corrections Version II test data centrally filed at Behavior Data Systems' offices in the Version II database has many advantages. Database analysis permits ongoing cost efficient research that includes scale alpha coefficients, ANOVA, frequency distributions, correlations, and cross-tab statistics along with reliability, validity and accuracy determinations.

Annual Summary Reports

Behavior Data Systems can access each of its tests' built-in databases for statistical analysis and summarization of all tests administered over a year. Annual Summary Reports are prepared for state, department, agency and even some individual providers -- at no cost to them. These reports are provided as a professional courtesy to large volume test users. Summary reports include demographics, court-history (when relevant), and test statistics (reliability, validity and accuracy). Has anyone offered to summarize your testing program? Annually? At no additional cost to you? Minimum testing volume for annual reports is 350 tests. There is no maximum limit. Behavior Data Systems' annual reports range in size from 350 tests to over 55,000 tests annually. An example Annual Summary Report is available.

Reliability, Validity and Accuracy

The ACDI-Corrections Version II has a built-in proprietary database that insures inclusion of all administered tests in a confidential (no names) manner. Over 80,000 juveniles' test data are represented in the ACDI and ACDI-Corrections Version II database. the resulting reliability, validity and accuracy statistics are reported in the document titled " ACDI: An Inventory of Scientific Findings." Annual database analysis demonstrates that ACDI-Corrections Version II scales have very high reliability coefficients with minimum interscale correlations.

For example, internal consistencies (alpha coefficients) for ACDI-Corrections Version II scales are reported in the following table for some troubled youth (N=2,180) screened in the year 2002. This is only one among many year 2002 samples.

RELIABILITY OF THE ACDI-CV II (N=2,180, 2002)
ACDI-Corrections
Version II Scales
Alpha
Coefficient
Significance
Level
Truthfulness .86 p<.001
Alcohol .90 p<.001
Drugs .89 p<.001
Violence (Lethality) .85 p<.001
Distress .88 p<.001
Adjustment .85 p<.001
Stress Coping .90 p<.001

All Version II scales have alpha coefficients well above the professionally accepted standard of .75 and are highly reliable. All alpha coefficients are significant at the p<.001 level.

ACDI-Corrections Version II research extends over 12 years. Many studies have been conducted on thousands of juveniles using several validation methods. Early studies used criterion measures and were validated with other tests, e.g., Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L-Scale and F-Scale, 16PF, Juvenile Profile, MMPI MacAndrews Scale, MMPI Psychopathic Deviate, MMPI Taylor Manifest Anxiety, MMPI Depression Scale, MMPI Manifest Hostility Scale, MMPI Delinquency Scale and MMPI Family Discord Scale.

Much of this research is summarized in the document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of Scientific Findings" Subsequently, many discriminant and predictive validity database analysis-based studies support Version II's reliability, validity and accuracy.  ACDI-Corrections Version II norms are based on over 52,000 juveniles (male and female). These norms are updated annually for each Version II scale. And, separate norms are available for gender (male and female) and ethnicity (Caucasian, Black, Hispanic). This database research is ongoing.

Relationships between ACDI and ACDI-Corrections Version II scales

The ACDI-Corrections Version II is a corrections version of the ACDI where the Violence Scale was added, but the other scales remained the same. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients between ACDI scale scores and ACDI-Corrections Version II scale scores are presented in the table below.

CORRELATION BETWEEEN ACDI & ACDI II
Scales Correlation Coefficient
Truthfulness Scale r = .99
Alcohol Scale r = .99
Drugs Scale r = .99
Adjustment Scale r = .99
Distress Scale r = .98

Two different samples of juveniles were used in this correlation analysis, and each youth group took only the ACDI or the ACDI-Corrections Version II. To test the correlation between scale scores, the data for each scale was sorted in ascending order. This type of correlation was used because different respondents took different tests. But, because the scales and respondents were similar, the correlations were meaningful. There were 2,084 youths included in this analysis (1,042 for each test). Such high correlation coefficients demonstrate that ACDI and ACDI-Corrections Version II scales are reliable and valid.

Research Publication: Nebraska Probation Department's Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP) selection process was automated with Behavior Data Systems tests. The tests used include the Driver Risk Inventory-II, SAQ-Adult Probation III, Domestic Violence Inventory and the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This research is reported in Edward C. Birkel and David L. Wegner's article (2000). "Accurate Intensive Supervision Probation Selection: Revisited." American Probation and Parole Association, Perspectives, Vol. 24, #4 Fall, pp. 18-21.

Fairness goes beyond reliability and validity. The term applies to test accuracy for demographic groups like age, gender and ethnicity. Version II scale scoring equations are adjusted, as warranted, on an annual basis to insure fairness.

Staff Member Input: The ACDI-Corrections Version II is to be used in conjunction with experienced staff judgment. When available, juvenile court and adjustment records should be reviewed, as they can contain important information not provided or incorrectly provided by the juvenile. Experienced staff members should also interview the client. For these reasons, the following statement is contained on each Version II report: "ACDI - Corrections Version II results are confidential and should be considered working hypotheses. No decision should be based solely upon these results. The ACDI - Corrections Version II is to be used in conjunction with experienced staff judgment." Space is also provided in ACDI-Corrections Version II reports for staff input.

UNIQUE FEATURES

The Truthfulness Scale measures how truthful and open the juvenile was while completing the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This scale identifies denial, problem minimization and faking. Many troubled youths attempt to minimize their problems. A Truthfulness Scale is a necessary component in contemporary juvenile assessment. The ACDI-Corrections Version II Truthfulness Scale has been validated with other tests, truthfulness studies and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L and F-Scales. It consists of a number of items that most juveniles agree or disagree with. This important scale has been demonstrated to be reliable, valid and accurate. Much of this normative research is reported in the document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of Scientific Findings."

Truth-Corrected Scores have proven to be very important in enhancing assessment accuracy. This proprietary truth correction program is comparable to the MMPI K-Scale correction methodology. The ACDI-Corrections Version II Truthfulness Scale has been correlated with the other six Version II scales. The Truth Correction equation consequently converts raw scores to Truth-Corrected scores. Truth Correction scores are more accurate than raw scores. Raw scores reflect what the juvenile wants you to know. Truth-Corrected scores reveal what the juvenile is trying to hide.

"Includes a Violence (Lethality) Scale"

The Violence (Lethality) Scale measures the juvenile's propensity for using force to injure, damage or destroy. It identifies the youth's danger to self and others. The burgeoning awareness of adolescent violence (lethality) in our society has necessitated in the inclusion of the Violence Scale in the ACDI-Corrections Version II. When screening violence or lethality potential is important, we recommend that you use the ACDI-Corrections Version II.

The Distress Scale measures the youth's experienced pain, suffering, anxiety and depression. The blending of symptom clusters is clear in the definition of dysphoria, i.e., a generalized feeling of anxiety, restlessness and depression. Distress incorporates unhappiness, dissatisfaction, worry, apprehension, etc. The Distress Scale also incorporates items symptomatic of anxiety and depression. Distress has broad applicability in adjustment, intervention, counseling and outcome.

The Stress Coping Abilities Scale measures how well the juvenile handles stress, tension and pressure. This scale goes beyond establishing whether or not a juvenile is experiencing stress. It determines how well the youth handles or copes with stress. How well a person handles stress can effect their adjustment and mental health. Stress exacerbates emotional and mental health symptomatology. Consequently, this scale is a non-introversive way to screen established (diagnosable) mental health problems. A juvenile scoring at or above the 90th percentile on the Stress Coping Abilities Scale should be referred for a more comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis, as warranted. This important area of inquiry is missed by most other juvenile screening instruments.

More than just another alcohol or drug test: In addition to alcohol and drug use, the ACDI-Corrections Version II assesses other important areas of inquiry like truthfulness, violence (lethality), distress, adjustment and stress coping abilities. The ACDI-Corrections Version II is designed specifically for juvenile (male and female) assessment. It provides the information needed for understanding juvenile attitudes and behavior.

Three ways to give Version II: The ACDI-Corrections Version II can be administered in three different ways: 1. Paper-Pencil test booklet format is the most popular testing procedure. English and Spanish test booklets are available. 2. Version II tests can be given directly on the computer screen. Some youth offender programs dedicate computers for on-screen testing. 3. Human voice audio is available for English and Spanish speaking youths. This involves a computer and a headset. The juvenile uses the up-down arrow keys. As the juvenile goes from question to answer with the arrow keys, that question or answer is highlighted on the monitor (screen) and simultaneously read to the juvenile. These three administration modes are discussed in the ACDI Orientation and Training Manual. Each test administration mode has advantages and some limitations. Behavior Data Systems offers these three test administration modes so test users can select the administration mode that is optimally suited to their needs.

"Demonstrated Reliability, Validity and Accuracy"

Reading Impaired Assessment: Reading impaired juveniles represent 20+ percent of youth tested. This represents a serious problem in many other juvenile tests. In contrast, Behavior Data Systems has developed a proprietary alternative for reading impaired assessment, which is termed "human voice audio."

Human Voice Audio (in English or Spanish) helps resolve many reading problems, along with cultural difference issues. Passive vocabularies are often greater than active vocabularies. Hearing items read often helps reduce both cultural and communication problems. As discussed earlier, "human voice audio" test presentation requires a computer, earphones and simple instructions regarding how to operate the up-down arrow keys located on the computer keyboard. Without this "human voice" option, a juvenile screening program can be limited.

Confidentiality: Behavior Data Systems encourages test users to delete juvenile names from diskettes before they are returned to Behavior Data Systems. The proprietary "name deletion" procedure involves a few keystrokes. Once juvenile names are deleted, they are gone and cannot be retrieved. Deleting juvenile names does not delete demographics or test data, which is downloaded into the ACDI-Corrections Version II database for subsequent analysis. This 'name deletion' procedure insures juvenile confidentiality and compliance with HIPAA (Federal Regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).

Test Data Input Verification: This proprietary program allows the person that inputs the test data from the answer sheet into the computer to verify the accuracy of their data input. In brief, test data is input twice, and any inconsistencies between the first and second data entries are highlighted until corrected. When the first and second data entries match or are the same, the staff person may continue. Use of this data entry verification procedure is optional, yet it is strongly recommended by Behavior Data Systems.

Inventory of Scientific Findings: Much of the ACDI-Corrections Version II research has been gathered together in one document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of Scientific Findings." This document summarizes Version II research chronologically -- as the studies were completed.

This rather innovative chronological reporting format was established largely owing to the Version II database, which permits annual database analysis of all tests administered. It also allows the reader to observe the evolution of the ACDI-Corrections Version II into its current state-of-the-art position.

To review an ACDI-Corrections Version II Research Study, click on the ACDI-Corrections Version II Research Study link.

Staff Training: Behavior Data Systems staff is available to participate in ACDI-Corrections Version II training programs scheduled by test users in the United States. Large departments, agencies or statewide programs are often interested in Version II staff training. Sometimes, smaller agencies or departments get together for joint training session on the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This training can include hands-on computer scoring. Behavior Data Systems gives attendees certificates attesting to their ACDI-Corrections Version II training.

Staff training is also provided at Behavior Data Systems' Phoenix offices on Fridays from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. or from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. These training sessions are free. To participate, contact Behavior Data Systems at least ten days in advance. Participation is on a first call, first scheduled basis.

"Appropriate for Family and Juvenile Drug Courts"
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II HIGHLIGHTS
** ACDI-Corrections Version II **
  • Designed specifically for juveniles
  • Detects denial, minimization & faking
  • Comprehensive: seven scales (measures)
  • Violence Scale measures lethality
  • Demonstrated reliability & validity
  • Available in English & Spanish
  • Built-in database insures ongoing research
  • More than just an alcohol or drug test
  • Specific score-related recommendations
  • Strong accountability of recommendations
  • Affordable: volume discounts available
  • Thirty-day money back guarantee



What users are saying ...

"The Adolescent Chemical Dependency Inventory (ACDI) format is focused, sequential, and easy to read. The overlay between the print-out and staff assessment has been a perfect fit. The staff response is 'right-on-target.' The scope of the analysis is broad, but concise. Our tested population falls into a normal, bell-curve distribution. The diskette allows us to give a same week guarantee, same day probability, and same hour feedback appropriate for the identified problems. Finally, the option for telephone consultation is of significant value if or when needed - which for this office has been perhaps twice over the past 11 months (in a word or two - it's trouble free!)."

Porter County Juvenile Probation Office, Indiana

"We have been using the Adolescent Chemical Dependency Inventory (ACDI) in our standardized youth intake evaluations for two years now. The ACDI has had many positive advantages to our clients, staff and in terms of our mission, i.e., to provide the highest quality of service to those in need at affordable prices. The availability of test results within the same day enables us to focus our interviews and thereby save significant staff time. Test results are summarized in an easily understood manner regarding our client's problems, situation and needs. Client risk levels are summarized at a glance and recommendations are both relevant and helpful. This objective and reliable information does provide us with a 'sound basis for decision making.' The ACDI shortens our intake procedures, aids us in cutting through denial and facilitates intervention."

National Council on Alcoholism, Inc., Arizona

"As you are aware we successfully piloted the ACDI-Corrections Version and SAQ-Adult Probation. Staff response was overwhelmingly positive. Ninety-six percent of survey responses indicated that SAQ-Adult Probation was a useful screening tool. Similar results were obtained for the ACDI-Corrections Version."

Department of Solicitor General, Nova Scotia

"The ACDI-Corrections Version II is used to evaluate youth entering our juvenile probation department. This test has been used in conjunction with investigations and direct probation and found to be quite useful in the determination of juvenile risk/needs. The profile it provides is user friendly and demonstratively reliable and valid."

Supreme Court of Nebraska
Administrative Office of the Courts/Probation

"I am writing to indicate how pleased we are with the ACDI. This screening instrument provides us with an enormous amount of invaluable information at a fraction of the cost of any alternatives. As you know, we provide troubled youth with a strenuous eight day program in the Northern Flinders Ranges and a reliable initial screening program for prospective participants is essential . . . Over time the ACDI will allow us to develop a much better psychological profile of the youth who experience Operation Flinders."

Operation Flinders, National Curriculum & Training, Australia

"Based on my experience in psychometric research, I can assure users of the ACDI-Corrections Version II that this questionnaire exceeds professional standards for test reliability and validity. It is a psychometrically sound and useful juvenile assessment instrument."

Doctorate Level Experimental Psychologist, Arizona

"Accurate ISP offender selection has been achieved by combining the strengths of Nebraska Probation Departments existing risk and needs worksheet with selected criminal court history and an automated assessment instrument or test. One of the four tests used in this study was the ACDI-Corrections Version II. It was shown to accurately predict substance abuse, identify distress and adjustment problems and measure stress coping problems . . . These results strongly support the reliability, validity and accuracy of the ACDI-Corrections Version II."

Perspectives, Volume 24, #4, Fall 2000

"I received the ACDI summary report as requested earlier this month, and wanted to thank you for not only your prompt response but also the information the report itself contains.

It is very difficult for small court systems, like ours, to have the means to compile statistical data on issues other than those which are legislatively mandated. So many times, needed data, such as which your summary covered, is unavailable due to the inability of the system to have the financial resources or technical knowledge base needed. The summary report gives me the ability to now approach community leaders with hard data confirming demographic trends and treatment needs that I am aware of but could not substantiate. Now, future treatment planning that would have not occurred because of lack of data will occur.

Again, thank you for making the summary report available as part of the cost of the instrument itself. We, at TASC, will continue to use the assessment instruments developed by your company and will also continue to recommend them for use in future Ohio Juvenile TASC programs."

TASC, Common Pleas Court, Ohio

 

"State-of-the-Art Juvenile Assessment"

Test Unit Fee (Cost): ACDI-Corrections Version II cost information can be reviewed by clicking on the "Prices" link. There is only the one cost or charge, and that is the test unit fee. Everything else is included at no additional cost to the test user. This includes test booklets, answer sheets, training manuals, upgrades, ongoing database research, annual summary testing reports, staff training and support services. Do not be misled by some test publishers' à la carte pricing, like separate costs for each test administration as well as for each of the test-related items listed above. Instead of asking for the test administration cost, ask for the total cost involved in using a test. We believe Behavior Data Systems' one-test unit fee is very affordable.

Free Examination Kit

A one-test demonstration diskette is available on a 30-day cost free basis. Demo diskettes are in Windows format. The Examination Kit includes a one-test demo diskette, installation CD (with instructions), test booklet, answer sheet and some descriptive materials. Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. does want the test booklet and diskette returned within 30 days.

Other Behavior Data Systems Tests

Behavior Data Systems has developed different tests for different offender populations and different assessment purposes. Adult and juvenile tests are available. The menu on the left side of this webpage includes all the Behavior Data Systems tests.

Selecting a juvenile screening instrument or test

If you are selecting a juvenile assessment instrument, the following Comparison Checklist should prove helpful. This checklist itemizes important assessment and screening qualities. The "Other" column represents any other test you might want to compare to the ACDI-Corrections Version II.

TEST COMPARISON CHECKLIST
COMPARISON CATEGORIES ACDI-CV II Other
Designed Specifically for Juvenile Assessment Yes  
Test Reliability & Validity Research Provided Yes  
Test Completed in 15 to 20 Minutes Yes  
On-Site Reports within 2½ Minutes Yes  
Truthfulness Scale to Detect Faking Yes  
Truth-Corrected Scores for Accuracy Yes  
Three Test Administration Options Yes  
  1. Paper-Pencil (English and Spanish) Yes  
  2. On Computer Screen (English and Spanish) Yes  
  3. Human Voice Audio (English and Spanish) Yes  
Delete Juveniles' Names (confidentiality) procedure Yes  
HIPAA (federal regulation) Compliant Yes  
Very Affordable Test Unit Fee Yes  
Test Data Input Verification (accurate scoring) Yes  
Available in English and Spanish Yes  
Built-in Database Yes  
Annual Database Research (Free) Yes  
Annual Test Program Summary (Free) Yes  
Comprehensive Assessment (Seven Scales) Yes  
Specific Scale Score-Related Recommendations Yes  
Alcohol and Drugs Scales Yes  
Distress Scale Yes  
Adjustment Scale Yes  
Easily Understood and Helpful Reports Yes  
ASAM Compatible Recommendations Yes  
Staff Training (Free) Yes  
Examination Kits (Free) Yes  

ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
SCALE INTERPRETATION

An example ACDI-Corrections Version II report follows this discussion of scale interpretation. It is provided as a ready reference to augment this dialogue. There are several levels of ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II) interpretation ranging from viewing Version II as a self-report to interpreting scale elevations and interrelationships. The following table is a beginning point for interpreting Version II scores.

ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
SCALE RANGES
Risk Category Risk Range
Percentile
Total
Percentage
Low Risk 0 - 39% 39%
Medium Risk 40 - 69% 30%
Problem Risk 70 - 89% 20%
Severe Problem 90 - 100% 11%

With reference to the above table, a risk is not identified as a problem until a scale score is at the 70th percentile or higher. Elevated scale scores refer to percentile scores that are at or above the 70th percentile. Severe (serious) problems are identified by scale scores at or above the 90th percentile. Severe problems represent the highest 11 percent of juveniles evaluated with Version II. Version II has been normed on over 50,000 troubled youths. And, this normative sample continues to expand with each Version II test that is administered.

SCALE INTERPRETATION

1. Truthfulness Scale: Measures how truthful the juvenile was while completing the test. It identifies guarded and defensive youths who attempt to "fake good". Scores at or below the 89th percentile mean that all ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II) scales are accurate. Scores in the 70th to 89th percentile are accurate because they have been Truth-Corrected. Truthfulness Scale scores at or above the 90th percentile mean that all Version II scales are inaccurate (invalid) because the juvenile was overly guarded and manifesting denial, was reading things into Version II test items that weren't there, was minimizing problems, or was caught faking answers. A youth with a reading impairment might also invalidate their test with a Truthfulness Scale score in the Severe Problem (90th to 100th percentile) range. The reason for invalidation can usually be determined with a few questions regarding the juvenile's schooling, reading ability and motivation. If not consciously deceptive, youths with elevated Truthfulness Scale scores are uncooperative, fail to understand test items or have a need to appear in a good light.

Truthfulness Scale scores at or below the 89th percentile indicate that all other scale scores are accurate. When reviewing a Version II report, one of the first things to check is the Truthfulness Scale score. A Truthfulness Scale score at or above the 90th percentile does not occur by chance.

2. Violence (Lethality) Scale: Measures the juvenile's propensity for using force to injure, damage or destroy. This scale identifies youths that are a danger to themselves and others. Violence is operationally defined as the expression of hostility and rage through physical force. Violence is aggression in its most extreme and unacceptable form. Elevated scorers are demanding, overly sensitive to perceived criticism and insightless about how they express their anger/hostility. They often have poor school records and feel emotionally isolated.

Severe problem scorers are typically erratic, angry, easily provoked and dangerous. A particularly unstable and perilous situation exists when the youth manifests an elevated Violence Scale score in conjunction with an elevated Alcohol Scale and/or Drugs Scale score. Here, we have increased probability of acting out behaviors combined with impaired judgment.

In combination with an elevated Violence Scale, an elevated Distress Scale score indicates an increase in the probability of suicidal ideation. Elevated Adjustment Scale and/or Stress Coping Abilities Scale scores in conjunction with an elevated Violence Scale score provide insight regarding co-determinants and possible treatment alternatives. The more of these scales that are elevated with the Violence Scale, the worse the prognosis. Elevated scale interrelationships are important when interpreting scale elevations. Any scale scores in the Severe Problem range should not be ignored, and this is especially true of the Violence Scale. The Violence Scale score can be interpreted independently or in combination with other Version II scales.

3. Alcohol Scale: Measures alcohol use and/or abuse. "Alcohol" refers to beer, wine and other liquors. An elevated (70th to 89th percentile) Alcohol Scale is indicative of an emerging drinking problem. An Alcohol Scale score in the Severe Problem (90th to 100th percentile) range identifies serious alcohol-related problems.

A history of alcohol-related arrests could result in an Alcohol Scale score in the low or medium risk range. To determine if the juvenile is a "recovering" alcoholic, Version II users should check items #57 (admission to drinking problem), #131 (self-description of drinking) and #133 (the "recovery" question). For reference, other items also could be checked (e.g., #15, 21, 33, 39, 51, 96, 132). Admissions to these items are printed on page 3 of the Version II report.

In conjunction with an elevated Alcohol Scale, an elevated Violence Scale represents a dangerous combination, e.g., a violent predisposition with impaired judgment. When both the Alcohol and Drugs Scales are elevated, the higher score usually represents the juvenile's substance of choice. When both are in the severe problem range, explore polysubstance abuse. An elevated Distress Scale with an elevated Alcohol Scale could reflect emerging suicidal ideation or a frustration - aggressive explosive acting out. A higher Alcohol Scale score may identify alcohol as a focal issue, whereas, a higher Distress Scale might be indicative of a troubled youth's attempt to "self-medicate." An elevated Adjustment Scale in combination with an elevated Alcohol Scale helps identify co-determinants. The amplitude of an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score and an elevated Alcohol Scale score is important. An elevated (70th to 89th percentile) Stress Coping Abilities Scale score reflects impaired stress handling abilities, and drinking may be of an "escape-avoidance" nature; whereas, a score in the severe problem range suggests the presence of an identifiable (diagnosable) mental health disorder. In the latter case, drinking may be part of the psychopathology. In summary, the Alcohol Scale can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scales.

4. Drugs Scale: Measures illicit drug use and abuse. The Drugs Scale measures the severity of drug abuse. "Drugs" refers to marijuana, crack, cocaine, ice, LSD, amphetamines, barbiturates, heroin etc. This scale is independent of the Alcohol Scale described above. An elevated (70th to 89th percentile) Drugs Scale score is indicative of an emerging drug problem. Elevated Drugs Scale scores do not happen by chance. A Drugs Scale score in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range identifies severe drug-related problems.

A history of drug arrests could result in a Drugs Scale score in the low or moderate risk range. To determine if the juvenile is a "recovering" drug abuser, Version II users should check items #29 (drug use admission), #78 (drug abuse problem) and #133 (the "recovery" question). For reference, other items could also be checked (e.g., #23, 85, 53, 91). Admissions to these items are printed on page 3 of the Version II report.

In intervention and treatment settings, the youth's Drugs Scale score helps work through denial. And, an elevated Drugs Scale score in conjunction with other elevated Version II scores magnifies the severity of the other elevated scores. For example, an elevated Violence Scale in conjunction with an elevated Drugs Scale score identifies a very dangerous person.

When both the Drugs and Alcohol Scale scores are elevated, the higher score represents the youth's substance of choice. When both of these scores are in the severe problem range, polysubstance abuse is indicated.

An elevated Distress Scale score in combination with an elevated Drugs Scale reflects a troubled youth on the verge of being overwhelmed. The height of the Distress Scale score is important, as scores in the Severe Problem range can be indicative of suicidal/homicidal ideation. As noted earlier with alcohol, an elevated Adjustment Scale score in combination with an elevated Drugs Scale score helps identify co-determinants. And, the heights of an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale and an elevated Drugs Scale score are important. An elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score reflects impaired stress coping abilities and drug use may be experimental; however, a score in the severe problem range points to an identifiable (diagnosable) mental health disorder, in which case (severe problem), drug use/abuse is likely a part of the symptomatology. In summary, the Drugs Scale can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scales. In most cases, a drug problem (elevated scale score) magnifies the risk associated with other elevated Version II scale scores.

5. Distress Scale: Measures the youth's pain, suffering, anxiety and depression. Distress incorporates unhappiness, dissatisfaction, worry and pain. Distress is the most common reason for juveniles to voluntarily seek counseling. Distress has broad applications in adjustment, intervention, counseling and outcome. And, it often serves as the beginning point in clinical inquiry. The magnitude (or severity) of the Distress Scale is important. Elevated scores indicate something is wrong. The youth is concerned, bothered and upset. Distress Scale scores in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range indicate the youth is hurting, on the verge of being overwhelmed and is becoming desperate.

A Severe Problem Distress Scale score in conjunction with any other Version II scale score in the Severe Problem range is a malignant sign and needs to be dealt with carefully. This is the profile of a suicide/homicide prone individual. The Distress Scale can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scales.

6. Adjustment Scale: Measures the youth's ability to adapt, conform and function. This scale recognizes personal and social stressors at home, school and in their peer group relationships. Juvenile adjustment requires modification of the youth's attitudes and behavior. Stressors vary widely from the home and school environment (along with anxiety, frustration and competition) to a myriad of emotion provoking events. When the Adjustment Scale is elevated, carefully review other Version II scales. Other Version II scales include Violence, Substance Abuse, Distress and Stress Coping Abilities.

An elevated Adjustment Scale score suggests one level of intervention (e.g., lifestyle adjustment), whereas, a score in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range suggests other, more fundamental intervention options. An elevated Distress Scale score with an elevated Adjustment Scale score is suggestive of poor emotional morale in problem prone environment milieu, (e.g., school, home and/or peer group). An elevated Adjustment Scale score in combination with an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score reflects a troubled youth who doesn't cope well with his environment. In this case, the youth might benefit most from stress management training, emotional support of endeavor and lifestyle adjustment. The Adjustment Scale score can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scale scores.

7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale: Measures the youth's ability to cope with stress, anxiety and pressure. It is now accepted that stress indicate symptoms of mental and emotional problems. Thus, an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score in conjunction with other elevated Version II scale scores helps explain the youth's situation. When a juvenile doesn't handle stress well, other existing problems are often exacerbated.

Such problem augmentation applies to substance abuse, behavioral acting-out and attitudinal problems. And, an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score can also exacerbate emotional and mental health symptomatology. When a Stress Coping Abilities Scale score is in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range, it is very likely that the juvenile has a diagnosable mental health problem. In these instances, referral to a certified/licensed mental health professional is warranted for a diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan. The Stress Coping Abilities Scale score can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scale scores.

* * * * *

In conclusion, it has been noted that there are several "levels" of ACDI-Corrections Version II interpretation, ranging from viewing Version II as a self-report to interpreting scale elevations and interrelationships. Scale scores can be interpreted individually. Staff members can then put the Version II findings within the context of the juvenile's life situation.

Example Report

An example ACDI-Corrections Version II report has been included for reference. Although "Example Report" is for a hypothetical person, this four-page report shows how information is summarized and presented. These reports are easy to read and provide specific scale-related recommendations. On the first page, the ACDI-Corrections Version II PROFILE summarizes the youth's responses at a glance. Scale paragraphs, on Pages 2 and 3, give the juvenile's scale score, explain what that score means and present score-related recommendations. Near the top of Page 4 is space for the assessor's observations and comments. Sometimes a staff member obtains important information from another source (e.g., victim, court history, other records, etc.) that influences their recommendation. That's OK. That's why space is provided for staff member comments.

Page 4 summarizes significant items. These are direct admissions or unusual responses. Significant items often give considerable focus and insight to the assessment process. Towards the bottom of Page 3 are the multiple choice answers, with all of the youth's opinions and biases. This sequence of items (#131 to #140) are multiple choice items, and the juvenile's selected answers are shown. Sometimes it's helpful to compare the youth's objective, empirically established scores with their subjective answers. Multiple choice items are not Truth-Corrected.

EXAMPLE REPORT
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II

The ACDI-Corrections Version II example report is linked for your download and/or review. You may need to install the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this reports.
Each Version II report is organized around the same outline or format, yet these reports are highly individualized.  Each report is four pages in length. And, all Version II reports are scored and printed within 2½ minutes of data entry.



Additional information can be provided, upon request, by writing:
Behavior Data Systems, Ltd.
P.O. Box 44256
Phoenix, Arizona 85064-4256

Our telephone number is (602) 234-3506.
Our fax number is (602) 266-8227.
And our e-mail address is bds@bdsltd.com.


Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. Copyright © 2014. All Rights Reserved.

* * * * *

***************************************