The
ACDI-Corrections
Version II is a comprehensive juvenile (male and female) assessment or screening
test. It is used in juvenile courts (drug courts, family courts,
municipal courts, etc.), probation departments, community corrections
and treatment programs. If the intent is to identify disturbed
and/or violent juveniles so they can be helped, you should consider the
ACDI-Corrections Version II. It is appropriate for misdemeanor and
felony cases. The ACDI-Corrections Version II has impressively
demonstrated reliability, validity and accuracy.
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APPLICATIONS
|
|
** ACDI-Corrections Version II **
|
- Juvenile courts
- Family and juvenile drug courts
- Juvenile (male and female) probation departments
- Juvenile assessment, counseling and treatment agencies
- Juvenile community corrections
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Description
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
(Version II) is an automated (computer scored) juvenile assessment
instrument or test. It consists of 140 items and takes 25 to 30 minutes
to complete. Version II contains seven measures (scales):
1. Truthfulness Scale,
2. Alcohol Scale,
3.
Drugs Scale,
4. Violence (Lethality)
Scale, 5. Distress Scale,
6. Adjustment Scale and
7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale.
Seven Scales (Measures)
The seven ACDI-Corrections
Version II scales are described as follows:
-
Truthfulness
Scale: Measures the juvenile's truthfulness
while completing the test. It identifies denial, guardedness, problem
minimization and faking. The Truthfulness Scale detects "faking good".
-
Alcohol Scale:
Measures alcohol use, the severity of abuse and the presence of
alcohol-related problems. "Alcohol" refers to beer, wine and other
liquors.
-
Drugs Scale:
Measures illicit drug use and the severity of abuse. "Drugs" refers to marijuana (pot),
crack, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturates and heroin. This scale is
independent of the Alcohol Scale described above.
-
Violence
(Lethality) Scale: Measures the use of force to injure, damage
or destroy. This scale identifies the youth's danger to self and
others.
-
Distress Scale:
Measures strain imposed by pain, worry, anxiety, depression, physical
torment or suffering. Distress is the most common reason for juveniles
to seek counseling.
-
Adjustment
Scale: Measures the youth's ability to
adapt, conform and function. This scale recognizes personal and social
stressors at home, at school and in authority relationships. It
incorporates personal and social forces involved in adapting to one's
environment.
-
Stress Coping
Abilities Scale:
Measures the youth's
ability to cope with stress, anxiety and pressure. Stress exacerbates
symptoms of emotional and mental health problems. This scale is a
non-introversive way to screen for the presence of established
emotional and mental health problems.
ACDI: THE
SHORTER 5 SCALE VERSION
As noted earlier, the ACDI-Corrections Version II,
or Version II, has seven measures (scales), consists of 140 items, has a
Violence (Lethality)
Scale and takes 30 minutes to complete. The Adolescent Chemical
Dependency Inventory, or ACDI, is a shorter version (105 items), does
not have the Violence (Lethality)
Scale and takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete. The ACDI has five scales
(measures):
1. Truthfulness Scale,
2. Adjustment Scale,
3. Distress Scale,
4. Alcohol Scale,
5. Drugs Scale. To go directly to the ACDI web page,
click on the ACDI link. The choice is yours.
* * * * *
Why use the ACDI-Corrections Version II? While adult crime rates
have recently fallen across the U.S., they have risen among the nation's
youth. For example, as the adult arrest rate for murder fell from 1978
to 1993, the juvenile murder rate rose by 77%. And, at the same time, the
arrest rate of youth for all violent crimes climbed 79%. These
statistics underscore the need for meaningful and accurate juvenile
assessment.
Early detection of a troubled
youth's problems facilitates quicker intervention and treatment.
This type of information also helps in deciding upon counseling,
treatment, probation, levels of supervision and incarceration
alternatives. The ACDI-Corrections Version II is designed to meet these
needs. It is much more than just another alcohol or drug test. Version
II's seven scales (measures) acquire important information often missed by
other tests.
"Appropriate for Misdemeanor and Felony Offenders"
At one sitting of approximately
30 minutes in duration,the staff can acquire a vast amount of juvenile-related
information, which includes attitudes, substance abuse involvement,
acting out (violence) propensity, perceived distress and coping
behaviors. Early problem identification facilitates timely intervention
and improved treatment results.
Advantages of Screening
Screening or assessment
instruments filter out individuals with serious problems that may
require referral for a more comprehensive evaluation and/or treatment.
This filtering system works as follows:
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
RISK RANGES |
|
Risk Category |
Risk Range
Percentile |
Total
Percentage |
|
Low Risk |
0 - 39% |
39% |
|
Medium Risk |
40 - 69% |
30% |
|
Problem Risk |
70 - 89% |
20% |
|
Severe Problem |
90 - 100% |
11% |
Reference to the above Risk
Range table shows that the risk is not identified as a problem until a scale score
is at the 70th percentile or higher. These risk range
percentiles are based upon the norms of thousands of troubled youths that have
taken the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This procedure is eminently fair,
and it avoids extremes, i.e., over-identification and
under-identification of problems and risk.
A state, department, juvenile
court, family and juvenile drug court or agency policy might refer
clients with identified problems for further evaluation, intervention or
treatment. In this case, 31% of the youths screened (problem risk and
severe problem) would be referred. Or, policy might only refer clients
with serious problems (severe problem, 11%) for additional services. In
these examples, 69% or 89% (contingent upon adopted policy) of the people
screened would not be referred for additional (and expensive) services.
Budgetary savings
(dollars) would be large, with no compromises for needy youths receiving
appropriate evaluation and/or treatment services.
Accordingly, more needy youths would receive help. Without a screening
program, there is usually more risk of over or under-utilization of additional
professional services.
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
scales identify the areas it screens. And, these scales (measures) are:
1. Truthfulness Scale,
2. Alcohol Scale,
3. Drugs Scale,
4. Violence (Lethality)
Scale, 5. Distress Scale,
6. Adjustment Scale and
7. Stress Coping Abilities Scale.
Test Booklets
ACDI-Corrections Version II
test booklets are provided free. These booklets contain 140 items
(true/false and multiple choice) and are written at a fifth to sixth grade
reading level. If a person can read the newspaper, they can read the ACDI-Corrections
Version II. It takes on average 25 to 30 minutes to complete this test.
Test booklets are available in English and Spanish.
Reports
In brief, ACDI-Corrections
Version II reports summarize the youth's self-reported history, explain
what attained scale scores mean and offer specific score-related
recommendations.
Within 2½ minutes of test data
entry, automated (computer scored) four-page reports are printed on-site.
These reports summarize a lot of information in an easily understood
format. For example, these reports include a Version II profile (graph),
which summarizes troubled youth findings at a glance. Also included are
attained scale scores, an explanation of what each score means and
specific score-related recommendations. In addition, significant items (direct admissions) are
highlighted, and answers to a built-in interview (last sequence of
multiple choice items) are presented. Emphasis is placed on having
meaningful reports that are helpful and easily understood. Click the following link for an
ACDI Corrections Version II Web Article
"Provides a sound empirical basis for decisions"
Software
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
is available on Windows diskettes. Windows diskettes require a one-time computer
setup procedure after which Version II data diskettes are used to score
and print reports. Training manuals are provided, and new test users can
be walked through these scoring procedures over the Behavior Data Systems,
Ltd. (BDS) telephone line at
(602) 234-3506.
Proprietary ACDI-Corrections
Version II diskettes (Version II) contain 25 or 50 test applications.
These 3½" diskettes score, interpret and print reports on-site.
Once an ACDI-Corrections Version II account is established, ordered
diskettes are filled and mailed to users. Approximately 97% of orders
are filled and mailed back to users the same day. When all test
applications are used, diskettes are returned to Behavior Data Systems, where the demographics (age,
gender, and ethnicity) and test data are downloaded into Version II's database for subsequent database
analysis. The proprietary "delete names" program is activated by the
test user with a few keystrokes to delete all juvenile names from
diskettes before they are returned to Behavior Data Systems. Deleting all juvenile names
insures protection of each youth's confidentiality and compliance with
HIPAA (Federal Regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
Orientation and Training Manual explains how the Version II system
works, and should be read by staff. The Version II Computer Operating
Guide explains how to score tests and print and store reports, and discusses
other unique ACDI-Corrections Version II computer-related features.
Database
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
(Version II) system contains a proprietary built-in database. Earlier, it
was noted that all Version II used diskettes are returned to
Behavior Data Systems and the test data is downloaded into the Version II database. This expanding
database allows ongoing research and test program summary features that
were not available before. Ongoing research insures quality control.
Testing program summaries provide for program self-evaluation.
Built-in database.
Version II permits ongoing research and annual program summary -- at no additional cost.
As discussed earlier, when the 25 or 50-test diskettes are used, these diskettes are returned to
Behavior Data Systems, checked for viruses and downloaded into the expanding Version II database.
Advantages of this proprietary database are many, and include database (research) analysis and
annual testing program summary reports.
No personal information, names, social security numbers, etc. are ever downloaded into any
test database.
Returned diskettes can be
summarized on a state, department or agency basis -- at no additional
cost to users. Annual summary reports provide information that permits
testing program review.
After BDS downloads test data, returned diskettes are destroyed.
In summary, having all returned
ACDI-Corrections Version II test data centrally filed at Behavior Data
Systems' offices in
the Version II database has many advantages. Database analysis permits
ongoing cost efficient research that includes scale alpha coefficients,
ANOVA, frequency distributions, correlations, and cross-tab statistics
along with reliability, validity and accuracy determinations.
Annual Summary Reports
Behavior Data Systems can access each of its
tests' built-in databases for statistical analysis and summarization of all
tests administered over a year. Annual Summary Reports are prepared
for state, department, agency and even some individual providers -- at no
cost to them. These reports are provided as a professional courtesy
to large volume test users. Summary reports include demographics,
court-history (when relevant), and test statistics (reliability, validity
and accuracy). Has anyone offered to summarize your testing program?
Annually? At no additional cost to you? Minimum testing volume for
annual reports is 350 tests. There is no maximum limit.
Behavior Data Systems'
annual reports range in size from 350 tests to over 55,000 tests annually.
An example Annual Summary Report is available.
Reliability, Validity and Accuracy
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
has a built-in proprietary database that insures inclusion of all
administered tests in a confidential (no names) manner. Over 80,000
juveniles' test data are represented in the ACDI and ACDI-Corrections
Version II database. the resulting reliability, validity and accuracy statistics
are reported in the document titled " ACDI: An Inventory of
Scientific Findings." Annual database analysis demonstrates that ACDI-Corrections
Version II scales have very high reliability coefficients with minimum
interscale correlations.
For example, internal
consistencies (alpha coefficients) for ACDI-Corrections Version II scales
are reported in the following table for some troubled youth (N=2,180)
screened in the year 2002. This is only one among many year 2002
samples.
|
RELIABILITY OF THE
ACDI-CV II (N=2,180, 2002) |
ACDI-Corrections
Version II Scales |
Alpha
Coefficient |
Significance
Level |
|
Truthfulness |
.86 |
p<.001 |
|
Alcohol |
.90 |
p<.001 |
|
Drugs |
.89 |
p<.001 |
|
Violence (Lethality) |
.85 |
p<.001 |
|
Distress |
.88 |
p<.001 |
|
Adjustment |
.85 |
p<.001 |
|
Stress Coping |
.90 |
p<.001 |
All Version II scales have
alpha coefficients well above the professionally accepted standard of
.75 and are highly reliable. All alpha coefficients are significant at
the p<.001 level.
ACDI-Corrections Version II
research extends over 12 years. Many studies have been conducted on
thousands of juveniles using several validation methods. Early studies
used criterion measures and were validated with other tests, e.g.,
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L-Scale and F-Scale,
16PF, Juvenile Profile, MMPI MacAndrews Scale, MMPI Psychopathic
Deviate, MMPI Taylor Manifest Anxiety, MMPI Depression Scale, MMPI
Manifest Hostility Scale, MMPI Delinquency Scale and MMPI Family Discord Scale.
Much of this research is
summarized in the document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of
Scientific Findings" Subsequently, many discriminant and predictive validity
database analysis-based studies support Version II's reliability, validity
and accuracy. ACDI-Corrections Version II norms are based on over
52,000 juveniles (male and female). These norms are updated
annually for each Version II scale. And, separate norms are available for
gender (male and female) and ethnicity (Caucasian, Black, Hispanic).
This database research is ongoing.
Relationships between ACDI and
ACDI-Corrections Version II scales
The ACDI-Corrections Version II is a corrections
version of the ACDI where the Violence Scale was added, but the other scales remained the
same. Pearson Product-Moment correlation coefficients between ACDI scale scores and
ACDI-Corrections Version II scale scores are presented in the table below.
|
CORRELATION BETWEEEN ACDI & ACDI II |
|
Scales |
Correlation Coefficient |
|
Truthfulness Scale |
r = .99 |
|
Alcohol Scale |
r = .99 |
|
Drugs Scale |
r = .99 |
|
Adjustment Scale |
r = .99 |
|
Distress Scale |
r = .98 |
Two different samples of juveniles
were used in this correlation analysis, and each youth group took only the ACDI
or the ACDI-Corrections Version II. To test the correlation between scale scores, the data
for each scale was sorted in ascending order. This type of correlation was
used because different respondents took different tests. But, because the
scales and respondents were similar, the correlations were meaningful. There were 2,084 youths
included in this analysis (1,042 for each test). Such high correlation
coefficients demonstrate that ACDI and ACDI-Corrections Version II scales are reliable and
valid.
Research Publication:
Nebraska Probation Department's Intensive Supervision Probation (ISP) selection process was
automated with Behavior Data Systems tests. The tests used include the Driver Risk Inventory-II, SAQ-Adult Probation III, Domestic Violence Inventory and the ACDI-Corrections Version II.
This research is reported in Edward C. Birkel and David L. Wegner's article (2000).
"Accurate Intensive Supervision Probation Selection: Revisited." American Probation and
Parole Association, Perspectives, Vol. 24, #4 Fall, pp. 18-21.
Fairness
goes beyond reliability and validity. The term applies to test accuracy
for demographic groups like age, gender and ethnicity. Version II scale
scoring equations are adjusted, as warranted, on an annual basis to insure fairness.
Staff Member
Input: The ACDI-Corrections Version II is to be used in
conjunction with experienced staff judgment. When available,
juvenile court and adjustment records should be reviewed, as they can
contain important information not provided or incorrectly provided by
the juvenile. Experienced staff members should also interview the client. For
these reasons, the following statement is contained on each Version II
report: "ACDI - Corrections Version II results are confidential and should
be considered working hypotheses. No decision should be based solely
upon these results. The ACDI - Corrections Version II is to be used
in conjunction with experienced staff judgment." Space is also
provided in ACDI-Corrections Version II reports
for staff input.
UNIQUE FEATURES
The Truthfulness Scale measures how truthful and open the
juvenile was while completing the ACDI-Corrections Version II. This
scale identifies denial, problem minimization and faking. Many troubled
youths attempt to minimize their problems. A Truthfulness Scale is a
necessary component in contemporary juvenile assessment. The ACDI-Corrections
Version II Truthfulness Scale has been validated with other tests,
truthfulness studies and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI) L and F-Scales. It consists of a number of items that most
juveniles agree or disagree with. This important scale has been
demonstrated to be reliable, valid and accurate. Much of
this normative research is reported in the document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of
Scientific Findings."
Truth-Corrected Scores
have proven to be very important in
enhancing assessment accuracy. This proprietary truth correction program
is comparable to the MMPI K-Scale correction methodology. The ACDI-Corrections
Version II Truthfulness Scale has been correlated with the other six
Version II scales. The Truth Correction equation consequently converts raw
scores to Truth-Corrected scores. Truth Correction scores are more
accurate than raw scores. Raw scores reflect what the juvenile wants you
to know. Truth-Corrected scores reveal what the juvenile is trying to hide.
"Includes a Violence (Lethality) Scale"
The Violence (Lethality) Scale measures the juvenile's propensity for using
force to injure, damage or destroy. It identifies the youth's danger to
self and others. The burgeoning awareness of adolescent violence
(lethality) in our society has necessitated in the inclusion of the Violence
Scale in the ACDI-Corrections Version II. When screening violence or
lethality potential is important, we recommend that you use the ACDI-Corrections
Version II.
The Distress
Scale measures the youth's experienced pain, suffering,
anxiety and depression. The blending of symptom clusters is clear in the
definition of dysphoria, i.e., a generalized feeling of anxiety,
restlessness and depression. Distress incorporates unhappiness,
dissatisfaction, worry, apprehension, etc. The Distress Scale also
incorporates items symptomatic of anxiety and depression. Distress has
broad applicability in adjustment, intervention, counseling and outcome.
The Stress Coping
Abilities Scale measures how well the juvenile handles stress, tension and pressure.
This scale goes beyond establishing whether or not a juvenile is experiencing stress. It
determines how well the youth handles or copes with stress. How well a person handles stress
can effect their adjustment and mental health. Stress exacerbates emotional and mental health symptomatology. Consequently, this scale is a non-introversive way to screen established
(diagnosable) mental health problems. A juvenile scoring at or above the
90th percentile on the Stress Coping Abilities Scale should
be referred for a more comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis, as
warranted. This important area of inquiry is missed by most other
juvenile screening instruments.
More than
just another alcohol or drug test: In addition to alcohol
and drug use, the ACDI-Corrections Version II assesses other important areas
of inquiry like truthfulness, violence (lethality), distress, adjustment
and stress coping abilities. The ACDI-Corrections Version II is designed
specifically for juvenile (male and female) assessment. It provides the
information needed for understanding juvenile attitudes and behavior.
Three ways to give Version II: The ACDI-Corrections Version II can be
administered in three different ways:
1.
Paper-Pencil test booklet format is the most popular testing procedure.
English and Spanish test booklets are available.
2.
Version II tests can be given directly on the computer screen. Some youth offender programs
dedicate computers for on-screen testing.
3.
Human voice audio is available for English and Spanish speaking youths.
This involves a computer and a headset. The juvenile uses the up-down
arrow keys. As the juvenile goes from question to answer with the arrow
keys, that question or answer is highlighted on the monitor (screen) and
simultaneously read to the juvenile. These three administration modes are
discussed in the ACDI Orientation and Training Manual. Each test
administration mode has advantages and some limitations. Behavior Data
Systems offers
these three test administration modes so test users can select the administration mode that
is optimally suited to their needs.
"Demonstrated Reliability, Validity and Accuracy"
Reading Impaired Assessment: Reading impaired juveniles
represent 20+ percent of youth tested. This represents a serious problem
in many other juvenile tests. In contrast,
Behavior Data Systems
has developed a
proprietary alternative for reading impaired assessment, which is termed
"human voice audio."
Human Voice Audio (in English or Spanish) helps resolve many reading problems, along with
cultural difference issues. Passive vocabularies are often greater than active
vocabularies. Hearing items read often helps reduce both cultural and
communication problems. As discussed earlier, "human voice audio"
test presentation requires a computer, earphones and simple instructions
regarding how to operate the up-down arrow keys located on the computer
keyboard. Without this "human voice" option, a juvenile screening program
can be limited.
Confidentiality: Behavior Data
Systems
encourages test users to delete juvenile names
from diskettes before they are returned to
Behavior Data Systems. The proprietary "name deletion"
procedure involves a few keystrokes. Once juvenile names are deleted, they are gone
and cannot be retrieved. Deleting juvenile names does not delete demographics or test data,
which is downloaded into the ACDI-Corrections Version II database for subsequent analysis.
This 'name deletion' procedure insures juvenile confidentiality and compliance with HIPAA (Federal Regulation 45 C.F.R. 164.501).
Test Data Input Verification: This proprietary program allows the
person that inputs the test data from the answer sheet into the computer
to verify the accuracy of their data input. In brief, test data is input
twice, and any inconsistencies between the first and second data entries
are highlighted until corrected. When the first and second data entries
match or are the same, the staff person may continue. Use of this data
entry verification procedure is optional, yet it is strongly recommended
by Behavior Data Systems.
Inventory of Scientific Findings: Much of the ACDI-Corrections
Version II research has been gathered together in one document titled "ACDI: An Inventory of
Scientific Findings." This document summarizes Version
II research chronologically -- as the studies were completed.
This rather innovative
chronological reporting format was established largely owing to the
Version II database, which permits annual database analysis of all tests
administered. It also allows the reader to observe the evolution of the ACDI-Corrections Version II into its current state-of-the-art position.
To review an ACDI-Corrections
Version II Research Study, click on the
ACDI-Corrections Version II Research Study link.
Staff Training: Behavior Data
Systems
staff is available to participate in ACDI-Corrections
Version II training programs scheduled by test users in the United
States. Large departments, agencies or statewide programs are often
interested in Version II staff training. Sometimes, smaller agencies or
departments get together for joint training session on the ACDI-Corrections
Version II. This training can include hands-on computer scoring.
Behavior Data Systems
gives attendees certificates attesting to their ACDI-Corrections Version II training.
Staff training is also provided at
Behavior Data Systems' Phoenix offices on Fridays from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. or from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
These training sessions are free. To participate, contact
Behavior Data Systems at least ten days
in advance. Participation is on a first call, first scheduled basis.
"Appropriate for Family and Juvenile Drug Courts"
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ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION
II HIGHLIGHTS |
|
** ACDI-Corrections Version II ** |
- Designed specifically for juveniles
|
- Detects denial, minimization & faking
|
- Comprehensive: seven scales (measures)
|
- Violence Scale measures lethality
|
- Demonstrated reliability & validity
|
- Available in English & Spanish
|
- Built-in database insures ongoing research
|
- More than just an alcohol or drug test
|
|
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- Strong accountability of recommendations
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- Affordable: volume discounts available
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- Thirty-day money back guarantee
|
What users are saying ...
"The Adolescent Chemical
Dependency Inventory (ACDI) format is focused, sequential, and easy to
read. The overlay between the print-out and staff assessment has been a
perfect fit. The staff response is 'right-on-target.' The scope of the
analysis is broad, but concise. Our tested population falls into a
normal, bell-curve distribution. The diskette allows us to give a same
week guarantee, same day probability, and same hour feedback appropriate
for the identified problems. Finally, the option for telephone
consultation is of significant value if or when needed - which for this
office has been perhaps twice over the past 11 months (in a word or
two - it's trouble free!)."
Porter County Juvenile Probation
Office, Indiana
"We have been using the
Adolescent Chemical Dependency Inventory (ACDI) in our standardized
youth intake evaluations for two years now. The ACDI has had many
positive advantages to our clients, staff and in terms of our mission,
i.e., to provide the highest quality of service to those in need at
affordable prices. The availability of test results within the same
day enables us to focus our interviews and thereby save significant
staff time. Test results are summarized in an easily understood manner
regarding our client's problems, situation and needs. Client risk levels
are summarized at a glance and recommendations are both relevant and
helpful. This objective and reliable information does provide us with a
'sound basis for decision making.' The ACDI shortens our intake
procedures, aids us in cutting through denial and facilitates
intervention."
National Council on Alcoholism, Inc., Arizona
"As you are aware we
successfully piloted the ACDI-Corrections Version and SAQ-Adult Probation.
Staff response was overwhelmingly positive. Ninety-six percent of survey
responses indicated that SAQ-Adult Probation was a
useful screening tool. Similar results were obtained for the ACDI-Corrections
Version."
Department of Solicitor General, Nova Scotia
"The ACDI-Corrections
Version II is used to evaluate youth entering our juvenile probation department.
This test has been used in conjunction with investigations and direct
probation and found to be quite useful in the determination of juvenile
risk/needs. The profile it provides is user friendly and demonstratively
reliable and valid."
Supreme Court of Nebraska
Administrative Office of the Courts/Probation
"I am writing to indicate how
pleased we are with the ACDI. This screening instrument provides us with
an enormous amount of invaluable information at a fraction of the cost
of any alternatives. As you know, we provide troubled youth with a
strenuous eight day program in the Northern Flinders Ranges and a
reliable initial screening program for prospective participants is
essential . . . Over time the ACDI will allow us to develop a much
better psychological profile of the youth who experience Operation
Flinders."
Operation Flinders, National
Curriculum & Training, Australia
"Based on my experience in
psychometric research, I can assure users of the ACDI-Corrections
Version II that this questionnaire exceeds professional standards for
test reliability and validity. It is a psychometrically sound and useful
juvenile assessment instrument."
Doctorate Level Experimental
Psychologist, Arizona
"Accurate ISP offender
selection has been achieved by combining the strengths of Nebraska
Probation Departments existing risk and needs worksheet with selected
criminal court history and an automated assessment instrument or test.
One of the four tests used in this study was the ACDI-Corrections
Version II. It was shown to accurately predict substance abuse, identify
distress and adjustment problems and measure stress coping problems . .
. These results strongly support the reliability, validity and accuracy
of the ACDI-Corrections Version II."
Perspectives, Volume 24, #4, Fall 2000
"I received the ACDI summary
report as requested earlier this month, and wanted to thank you for not
only your prompt response but also the information the report itself contains.
It is very difficult for small
court systems, like ours, to have the means to compile statistical data
on issues other than those which are legislatively mandated. So many
times, needed data, such as which your summary covered, is unavailable
due to the inability of the system to have the financial resources or
technical knowledge base needed. The summary report gives me the ability
to now approach community leaders with hard data confirming demographic
trends and treatment needs that I am aware of but could not
substantiate. Now, future treatment planning that would have not
occurred because of lack of data will occur.
Again, thank you for making the
summary report available as part of the cost of the instrument itself.
We, at TASC, will continue to use the assessment instruments developed
by your company and will also continue to recommend them for use in
future Ohio Juvenile TASC programs."
TASC, Common Pleas Court, Ohio
|
"State-of-the-Art Juvenile Assessment"
Test Unit Fee (Cost):
ACDI-Corrections Version II cost information can be reviewed by clicking on the
"Prices" link. There is only the one cost or charge, and that is the
test unit fee. Everything else is included at no additional cost to the
test user. This includes test booklets, answer sheets, training manuals,
upgrades, ongoing database research, annual summary testing reports,
staff training and support services. Do not be misled by some test
publishers' à la carte pricing, like separate costs for each test
administration as well as for each of the test-related items listed
above. Instead of asking for the test administration cost, ask for the
total cost involved in using a test. We believe
Behavior Data Systems' one-test unit fee
is very affordable.
Free Examination Kit
A one-test demonstration diskette is available on a 30-day cost free basis. Demo diskettes are in
Windows format. The Examination Kit includes a one-test demo diskette, installation CD (with instructions),
test booklet, answer sheet and some descriptive materials. Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. does want the
test booklet and diskette returned within 30 days.
Other
Behavior Data Systems Tests
Behavior Data Systems has developed different tests
for different offender populations and different assessment purposes. Adult and juvenile
tests are available. The menu on the left side of this webpage includes all the Behavior Data Systems
tests.
Selecting a
juvenile screening instrument or test
If you are selecting a juvenile
assessment instrument, the following Comparison Checklist should prove
helpful. This checklist itemizes important assessment and screening
qualities. The "Other" column represents any other test you might want
to compare to the ACDI-Corrections Version II.
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
SCALE INTERPRETATION
An example ACDI-Corrections Version II report
follows this discussion of scale interpretation. It is provided as a ready reference to
augment this dialogue. There are several levels of ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II)
interpretation ranging from viewing Version II as a self-report to interpreting scale
elevations and interrelationships. The following table is a beginning point for interpreting
Version II scores.
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION
II
SCALE RANGES |
|
Risk Category |
Risk Range
Percentile |
Total
Percentage |
|
Low Risk |
0 - 39% |
39% |
|
Medium Risk |
40 - 69% |
30% |
|
Problem Risk |
70 - 89% |
20% |
|
Severe Problem |
90 - 100% |
11% |
With reference to the above
table, a risk is not identified as a problem until a scale score is at the 70th
percentile or higher.
Elevated scale scores
refer to percentile scores that are at or above the 70th
percentile.
Severe (serious) problems
are identified by scale scores at or above the 90th percentile. Severe
problems represent the highest 11 percent of juveniles evaluated with
Version II. Version II has been normed on over 50,000 troubled youths.
And, this normative sample continues to expand
with each Version II test that is administered.
SCALE INTERPRETATION
1.
Truthfulness Scale:
Measures how truthful the juvenile was while completing the test.
It identifies guarded and defensive youths who attempt to "fake good".
Scores at or below the 89th percentile mean that all ACDI-Corrections Version II (Version II) scales are accurate. Scores in
the 70th to 89th percentile are accurate because they have been Truth-Corrected. Truthfulness
Scale scores at or above the 90th percentile mean that all Version II scales are inaccurate
(invalid) because the juvenile was overly guarded and manifesting denial, was reading things into Version
II test items that weren't there, was minimizing problems, or was caught faking answers. A youth
with a reading impairment might also invalidate their test with a Truthfulness Scale score in the
Severe Problem (90th to 100th percentile) range. The reason for invalidation can usually be
determined with a few questions regarding the juvenile's schooling, reading ability and
motivation. If not consciously deceptive, youths with elevated Truthfulness Scale scores are
uncooperative, fail to understand test items or have a need to appear in a good light.
Truthfulness Scale scores at
or below the 89th percentile indicate that all other scale scores are accurate.
When reviewing a Version II report, one of the first things to check is the Truthfulness
Scale score. A Truthfulness Scale score at or above the 90th percentile does not occur
by chance.
2.
Violence (Lethality) Scale:
Measures the
juvenile's propensity for using force to injure, damage or destroy. This scale identifies
youths that are a danger to themselves and others. Violence is operationally defined as the
expression of hostility and rage through physical force. Violence is aggression in its most
extreme and unacceptable form. Elevated scorers are demanding, overly sensitive to
perceived criticism and insightless about how they express their anger/hostility.
They often have poor school records and feel emotionally isolated.
Severe problem scorers are
typically erratic, angry, easily provoked and dangerous. A particularly
unstable and perilous situation exists when the youth manifests an
elevated Violence Scale score in conjunction with an elevated Alcohol
Scale and/or Drugs Scale score. Here, we have increased probability of
acting out behaviors combined with impaired judgment.
In combination with an elevated
Violence Scale, an elevated Distress Scale score indicates an increase in the
probability of suicidal ideation. Elevated Adjustment Scale and/or
Stress Coping Abilities Scale scores in conjunction with an elevated
Violence Scale score provide insight regarding co-determinants and
possible treatment alternatives.
The more
of these scales that are elevated with the Violence Scale, the worse
the prognosis. Elevated scale interrelationships are
important when interpreting scale elevations. Any scale scores in the
Severe Problem range should not be ignored, and this is especially true
of the Violence Scale. The Violence Scale score can be interpreted
independently or in combination with other Version II scales.
3.
Alcohol Scale:
Measures alcohol use and/or abuse.
"Alcohol" refers to beer, wine and other liquors. An elevated (70th to 89th
percentile) Alcohol Scale is indicative of an emerging drinking problem.
An Alcohol Scale score in the Severe Problem (90th to 100th
percentile) range identifies serious alcohol-related problems.
A history of alcohol-related
arrests could result in an Alcohol Scale score in the low or medium risk range.
To determine if the juvenile is a "recovering" alcoholic,
Version II users should check items #57 (admission to drinking problem),
#131 (self-description of drinking)
and #133 (the
"recovery" question). For reference, other items also could be
checked (e.g., #15, 21, 33, 39, 51, 96, 132). Admissions to these items
are printed on page 3 of the Version II report.
In conjunction with an elevated
Alcohol Scale, an elevated Violence Scale represents a dangerous
combination, e.g., a violent predisposition with impaired judgment. When
both the Alcohol and Drugs Scales are elevated, the higher score
usually represents the juvenile's substance of choice. When both are in
the severe problem range, explore polysubstance abuse. An elevated
Distress Scale with an elevated Alcohol Scale could reflect emerging
suicidal ideation or a frustration - aggressive explosive acting out. A
higher Alcohol Scale score may identify alcohol as a focal issue, whereas, a higher
Distress Scale might be indicative of a troubled youth's attempt to
"self-medicate." An elevated Adjustment Scale in combination with an
elevated Alcohol Scale helps identify co-determinants. The amplitude of
an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score and an elevated Alcohol
Scale score is important. An elevated (70th to 89th
percentile) Stress Coping Abilities Scale score reflects impaired stress
handling abilities, and drinking may be of an "escape-avoidance" nature;
whereas, a score in the severe problem range suggests the presence of an
identifiable (diagnosable) mental health disorder. In the latter case,
drinking may be part of the psychopathology. In summary, the Alcohol
Scale can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections
Version II scales.
4.
Drugs
Scale: Measures illicit drug use and abuse. The Drugs
Scale measures the severity of drug abuse. "Drugs" refers to marijuana,
crack, cocaine, ice, LSD, amphetamines, barbiturates, heroin etc. This
scale is independent of the Alcohol Scale described above. An elevated
(70th to 89th percentile) Drugs Scale score is indicative of an
emerging drug problem. Elevated Drugs Scale scores do not happen by
chance. A Drugs Scale score in the severe problem (90th to 100th
percentile) range identifies severe drug-related problems.
A history of drug arrests could
result in a Drugs Scale score in the low or moderate risk range. To
determine if the juvenile is a "recovering" drug abuser, Version II users
should check items #29 (drug use admission), #78 (drug abuse problem)
and #133 (the "recovery" question).
For reference, other items could also be checked (e.g., #23, 85, 53, 91).
Admissions to these items are printed on page 3 of the Version II report.
In intervention and treatment
settings, the youth's Drugs Scale score helps work through denial.
And, an elevated Drugs Scale score in
conjunction with other elevated Version II scores magnifies the severity
of the other elevated scores. For example, an elevated
Violence Scale in conjunction with an elevated Drugs Scale score
identifies a very dangerous person.
When both the Drugs and Alcohol
Scale scores are elevated, the higher score represents the youth's substance
of choice. When both of these scores are in the severe problem range,
polysubstance abuse is indicated.
An elevated Distress Scale score in
combination with an elevated Drugs Scale reflects a troubled youth on
the verge of being overwhelmed. The height of the Distress Scale score is
important, as scores in the Severe Problem range can be indicative of
suicidal/homicidal ideation. As noted earlier with alcohol, an elevated
Adjustment Scale score in combination with an elevated Drugs Scale score helps
identify co-determinants. And, the heights of an elevated Stress Coping
Abilities Scale and an elevated Drugs Scale score are important. An
elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score reflects impaired stress
coping abilities and drug use may be experimental; however, a score in
the severe problem range points to an identifiable (diagnosable) mental
health disorder, in which case (severe problem), drug use/abuse is likely
a part of the symptomatology. In summary, the Drugs Scale can be
interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections
Version II scales. In most cases, a drug problem (elevated scale score)
magnifies the risk associated with other elevated Version II scale
scores.
5.
Distress Scale:
Measures the youth's pain, suffering, anxiety and depression. Distress
incorporates unhappiness, dissatisfaction, worry and pain. Distress is
the most common reason for juveniles to voluntarily seek counseling.
Distress has broad applications in adjustment, intervention, counseling and outcome. And, it
often serves as the beginning point in clinical inquiry.
The magnitude (or severity) of the Distress
Scale is important. Elevated scores indicate something is
wrong. The youth is concerned, bothered and upset. Distress Scale scores
in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range indicate
the youth is hurting, on the verge of being overwhelmed and is becoming
desperate.
A Severe Problem Distress Scale score
in conjunction with any other Version II scale score in the Severe Problem
range is a malignant sign and needs to be dealt with carefully. This is
the profile of a suicide/homicide prone individual. The Distress Scale
can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections
Version II scales.
6.
Adjustment Scale:
Measures the youth's ability to adapt, conform
and function. This scale recognizes personal and social stressors at
home, school and in their peer group relationships. Juvenile adjustment
requires modification of the youth's attitudes and behavior. Stressors
vary widely from the home and school environment (along with anxiety,
frustration and competition) to a myriad of emotion provoking events.
When the Adjustment Scale is
elevated, carefully review other
Version II scales. Other Version II
scales include Violence, Substance Abuse, Distress and Stress Coping
Abilities.
An elevated Adjustment Scale score
suggests one level of intervention (e.g., lifestyle adjustment),
whereas, a score in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range
suggests other, more fundamental intervention options. An elevated
Distress Scale score with an elevated Adjustment Scale score is
suggestive of poor emotional morale in problem prone environment
milieu, (e.g., school, home and/or peer group). An elevated Adjustment
Scale score in combination with an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score
reflects a troubled youth who doesn't cope well with his environment. In
this case, the youth might benefit most from stress management training,
emotional support of endeavor and lifestyle adjustment. The Adjustment
Scale score can be interpreted independently or in combination with other ACDI-Corrections
Version II scale scores.
7.
Stress Coping Abilities Scale:
Measures the youth's ability to cope with stress, anxiety and pressure. It is now
accepted that stress indicate symptoms of mental and emotional problems. Thus,
an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score in conjunction with other elevated
Version II scale scores helps explain the youth's situation. When a juvenile doesn't handle
stress well, other existing problems are often exacerbated.
Such problem augmentation
applies to substance abuse, behavioral acting-out and attitudinal
problems. And, an elevated Stress Coping Abilities Scale score can also
exacerbate emotional and mental health symptomatology.
When a Stress Coping Abilities Scale score is
in the severe problem (90th to 100th percentile) range, it is
very likely that the juvenile has a diagnosable mental health problem.
In these instances, referral to a certified/licensed mental health professional is warranted for a diagnosis, prognosis and treatment plan.
The Stress Coping Abilities Scale score can be interpreted independently or in
combination with other ACDI-Corrections Version II scale scores.
* * * * *
In conclusion, it has been noted that
there are several "levels" of ACDI-Corrections Version II
interpretation, ranging from viewing Version II as a self-report to
interpreting scale elevations and interrelationships. Scale scores can
be interpreted individually. Staff members can then put the Version II findings within the context
of the juvenile's life situation.
Example
Report
An example ACDI-Corrections
Version II report has been included for reference. Although
"Example Report" is for a hypothetical person, this four-page report shows
how information is summarized and presented. These reports are easy to
read and provide specific scale-related recommendations. On the first
page, the ACDI-Corrections Version II PROFILE summarizes the youth's responses at a
glance. Scale paragraphs, on Pages 2 and 3, give the juvenile's scale
score, explain what that score means and present score-related
recommendations. Near the top of Page 4 is space for the assessor's
observations and comments. Sometimes a staff member obtains important
information from another source (e.g., victim, court history, other
records, etc.) that influences their recommendation. That's OK. That's
why space is provided for staff member comments.
Page 4 summarizes significant
items. These are direct admissions or unusual responses. Significant
items often give considerable focus and insight to the assessment
process. Towards the bottom of Page 3 are the multiple choice
answers, with all of the youth's opinions and biases. This sequence of
items (#131 to #140) are multiple choice items, and the juvenile's
selected answers are shown. Sometimes it's helpful to compare the youth's
objective, empirically established scores with their subjective answers.
Multiple choice items are not Truth-Corrected.
EXAMPLE REPORT
ACDI-CORRECTIONS VERSION II
The ACDI-Corrections Version II
example report is linked for your download and/or review. You may need to install the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this reports.
Each Version II report is organized around the same outline or format, yet
these reports are highly individualized. Each report is four pages
in length. And, all Version II reports are scored and printed
within 2½ minutes of data entry.
Behavior Data Systems, Ltd. Copyright © 2014. All Rights Reserved.
* * * * *
